Matera, a city tucked away in southern Italy, is not just a travel destination; it’s a journey back in time, an adventure into the depths of human history and culture. Here, the unique stone houses of Sassi are not just architecture; they are living witnesses to thousands of years of history where humans have persistently settled and evolved from the Paleolithic age to the present. Recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage site, Matera possesses an ancient, mysterious, and mesmerizing charm that invites visitors to explore every corner and feel the echoes of the past reverberating from its stone walls.
Introduction to Matera: The Gem of Basilicata
Matera, a city in the Basilicata region of southern Italy, is famous for the Sassi district, a collection of dwellings carved into limestone cliffs. Sassi is not only a unique residential area but also one of the earliest human settlements in Italy, with a history stretching back to the Paleolithic period. Over millennia, Sassi has witnessed the evolution of various civilizations, from ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines to Normans and Aragonese, each leaving distinct marks on Matera’s architecture and culture.
In 1993, UNESCO recognized the Sassi di Matera as a World Heritage site, acknowledging its historical, cultural, and architectural significance. Matera was also honored as the European Capital of Culture in 2019, an event that put this city on the world’s tourist map, attracting visitors from all over to admire its unparalleled beauty.
The most remarkable aspect of Matera is the Sassi, which includes Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. Sasso Caveoso, with its primitive cave dwellings, offers a glimpse into an ancient and austere Matera that is both charming and captivating. Sasso Barisano, more restored and revitalized, currently hosts numerous restaurants, hotels, and souvenir shops, providing convenience to tourists while preserving its traditional allure.
Exploring Sassi di Matera: Lost in the Ancient Stone Maze
Touring the Sassi di Matera is akin to wandering into a massive outdoor historical museum. To fully appreciate the beauty of Sassi, it’s recommended to spend at least one day, or even two for a more profound experience.
Hiking: The best way to explore Sassi is on foot. You can freely wander through narrow lanes, admire unique stone houses, ancient stone staircases, and churches hidden within the cliffs. Be sure to wear comfortable footwear as you will be walking extensively along rocky slopes.
Sasso Caveoso: Begin your exploration in Sasso Caveoso, the most primitive and rugged area of Sassi. Here, you will keenly sense the harsh life endured by Matera’s inhabitants in the past. Visit Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario, a typical cave house preserved in its entirety, allowing you to visualize the daily lives of residents in these stone homes.
Sasso Barisano: Continue to Sasso Barisano, an area that has been more restored and revitalized. Here, you’ll find many souvenir shops, cafes, and restaurants. Don’t miss visiting San Pietro Barisano Church, one of the most beautiful stone churches in Matera, showcasing impressive Baroque architecture and offering stunning views of the Sassi.
Rock Churches (Chiese Rupestri): Matera is renowned for its rock churches (Chiese Rupestri), carved deep into the mountains. These churches are not only religious but also unique art pieces, featuring ancient Byzantine frescoes. Some notable rock churches to visit are Santa Maria de Idris, San Giovanni in Monterrone, and San Pietro Caveoso.
Domenico Ridola Archaeological Museum: To gain deeper insights into the history and culture of Matera, visit the Domenico Ridola Archaeological Museum. The museum houses an extensive collection of archaeological artifacts from prehistoric to Roman times found in the Matera area.
Panoramic view of Matera's ancient city from above
Cultural and Historical Experience of Matera: More Than Just a Travel Destination
Matera is not only a city to behold, but also a place to experience and feel. Take time to immerse yourself in the slow-paced life of the city, savor local cuisine, and explore its unique cultural aspects.
Evening Visits: Sassi di Matera becomes even more enchanting in the evening when illuminated by warm golden lights. Strolling through Sassi at night is a romantic and unforgettable experience. You can enjoy dinner at a rock-cave restaurant, overlooking the Sassi at night and soaking in the tranquil, ancient atmosphere of the city.
Festivals and Events: Matera hosts many festivals and cultural events throughout the year. If possible, participate in one of these events to experience the local culture most vividly. Some famous events include the Madonna della Bruna Festival in July, Matera Wine Festival in August, and distinctive Christmas events.
Meeting Locals: Matera locals are friendly and hospitable. Spend time chatting with them to learn more about the city’s life, culture, and history. You can visit local craft shops, wineries, or simply relax with a coffee at a small bar and observe the daily lives of Matera’s residents.
Matera Cuisine: Traditional Flavors of Basilicata
Matera cuisine is a harmonious blend of Mediterranean flavors and Basilicata specialties. The dishes here often use fresh, local ingredients such as durum wheat, vegetables, lamb, and olive oil.
Pane di Matera: The most famous bread in Matera, made from local durum wheat, has a unique flavorful taste and ideal chewiness.
Pasta con i peperoni cruschi: Pasta with cruschi peppers, a distinctive sweet red pepper from the Basilicata region, dried and fried for a wonderfully spicy and crispy flavor.
Caciocavallo Podolico: A special sheep cheese made from the milk of the rare Podolica sheep breed, offering a rich and delicious taste.
Agnello alla Materana: Matera-style roast lamb, seasoned and charcoal-grilled to retain its natural tender sweetness.
Vino Aglianico del Vulture: Aglianico del Vulture red wine is among Italy’s finest, produced from Aglianico grapes grown on the volcanic slopes of Vulture, presenting a strong, rich, and complex flavor.
To enjoy Matera cuisine, visit traditional restaurants within the Sassi district or local farm bars (agriturismo) for a cozy family meal and savor dishes prepared from the freshest ingredients.
Visiting Matera: Planning the Perfect Trip
Ideal Time: Spring (April-June) and autumn (September-October) are the best times to visit Matera. The weather is mild and pleasant, not too hot or cold, suitable for walking tours and outdoor activities.
Transportation: Matera has a small airport, but most tourists fly to Bari or Brindisi and then travel by bus or rental car to Matera. From Bari, you can take a train or bus to Matera (about 1 hour). Renting a car is a good option if you want to freely explore Basilicata and nearby areas.
Accommodation: There are many accommodation options in Matera, ranging from luxurious hotels within the Sassi to budget inns and rental apartments. For a unique experience, consider staying in a cave hotel (hotel in Sassi), though prices may be higher. Book in advance, especially during peak travel seasons.
Language: Italian is the official language in Matera. However, in tourist areas, many locals can communicate in English. Learning a few basic Italian phrases will help you communicate more easily and leave a favorable impression with the locals.
Currency: The currency used in Italy is Euro (EUR). You can exchange money at banks, airports, or currency exchange centers. Credit and debit cards are widely accepted at restaurants, hotels, and major stores.
Attire: Bring comfortable clothes suitable for the weather and hiking shoes. If you plan to visit churches, dress modestly and respectfully.
Conclusion: Matera – A Must-Visit Destination in Southern Italy
The ancient city of Matera is not only a travel destination, but also a profound cultural and historical experience. With the unique beauty of the Sassi, thousands of years of history, and distinctive cuisine, Matera is sure to leave you with unforgettable memories. Plan your trip to Matera today to explore this hidden gem in southern Italy.